albicans (CaS)
Among the clinically used antifungal drugs are statins and other compounds that inhibit 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGR), resulting in decreased growth and ergosterol levels in y May 19, 2021 · Recently, drug resistance of C
Dec 22, 2020 · Azoffluxin also inhibits efflux in highly azole-resistant strains of Candida albicans, another human fungal pathogen, increasing their susceptibility to fluconazole
, Lopez-Ribot J
Regarding the action of simvastatin against biofilm of spp
One approach to overcome this resistance is to inhibit the pumps and chemosensitize resistant strains to azole drugs
In addition to the observation that certain statins act as growth inhibitors, statins are also found to reduce biofilm production in the human pathogenic fungus Candida albicans (Liu et al
We evaluated efficacy of the efflux pump inhibitor (EPI) verapamil (VER) with fluconazole (FLC) against FLC-resistant (CaR) and -susceptible C
, 2009)
Abstract The emergence of resistance requires alternative methods to treat Candida albicans infections
These include over-expression of, or mutations in, the drug target lanosterol 14α-demethylase, other changes in sterol metabolism and energy-dependent drug efflux [1,2]
We studied the effects of two major statins, simvastatin and atorvastatin, on five Candida species and Aspergillus fumigatus
Using whole-genome sequencing, we characterized two efflux-mediated mechanisms in the fungal pathogens Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis that resulted in decreased manogepix susceptibility
Virulence Volume 12, 2021 - Issue 1 Open access 2,703 Views 5 CrossRef citations to date 0 Altmetric Listen Research Paper Verapamil inhibits efflux pumps in Candida albicans, exhibits synergism with fluconazole, and increases survival of Galleria mellonella Yuliana Vega-Chacón , Fungal infections are a major contributor to infectious disease-related deaths across the globe
The mechanism of resistance in yeasts to antifungal drugs is different depending on the mode of action of the antifungals (Spampinato and Leonardi, 2013)
In an effort to overcome efflux pump‐mediated drug resistance in Candida albicans, cerulenin analogues were generated using a variety of synthesis pathways and some of these compounds were found to decrease Mdr1‐mediated resistance to brefeldin A up to eightfold compared to the control
albicans is increasingly severe
To investigate the mechanisms of these synergistic effects, 16 strains of C
One of the main mechanisms for azole resistance is the up-regulation of efflux pump genes including CDR1 and MDR1
, Lopez-Ribot J
One of the main mechanisms for azole resistance is the up-regulation of efflux pump genes including CDR1 and MDR1
albicans Cdr1p, the major pump implicated in multiple-drug-resistance phenotypes, from the genomic PDR5 locus in a Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant (AD1-8u −) from which seven major transporters of the ATP Styrylquinolines are heterocyclic compounds that are known for their antifungal and antimicrobial activity
Formation of biofilm is a multistep and multiregulatory process involving various adaptive mechanisms
Furthermore, azoffluxin enhances fluconazole activity in mice Beauvericin Potentiates Azole Activity via Inhibition of Multidrug Efflux, Blocks Candida albicans Morphogenesis, and Is Effluxed via Yor1 and Circuitry Controlled by Zcf29 Antimicrob Agents Chemother
& Kohler, J
Recently, drug resistance of C
Fluconazole (FLC) remains the antifungal drug of choice for non-life-threatening Candida infections, but drug-resistant strains have been isolated during long-term therapy with azoles
Expression levels of efflux pump genes in resistant Candida albicans isolates in presence and absence of tested efflux pump inhibitors (Haloperidol and pantoprazole)
The control is Candida albicans in absence of Objective: To identify a novel class of inhibitors of fungal transporters involved in drug resistance
2022 Jan 18;66(1):e0174821
Hence new antifungal agents, as well as new methods to treat fungal infections, are still needed
Chemical screening identifies filastatin, a small molecule inhibitor of Candida albicans adhesion, morphogenesis, and pathogenesis Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
Candidiasis can be present as a cutaneous, mucosal or deep-seated organ infection, which is caused by more than 20 types of Candida sp
Human fungal pathogens are the causative agents of devastating diseases across the globe, and the increasing prevalence of drug resistance threatens to undermine the already limited treatment options
A screen for antifungal sensitizers among synthetic analogs of Clorgyline detected ABC proteins in Candida
albicans reveals that it has 28 putative ABC proteins including 12 half transporters that remain uncharacterized (Gaur et al
It has been demonstrated that biological fluids such as human serum can have Holmes AR, Keniya MV, Ivnitski-Steele I, Monk BC, Lamping E, Sklar LA, et al
glabrata, C
EPIs are compounds having the ability to inhibit the efflux pumps and thus increase the A process of summarizing modulatory spectra of the listed compounds against 2 other efflux pumps of Candida albicans namely Cdr2p and Mdr1p was also conducted, during which selective inhibitors of VER reverted the FLC-resistance of C
, simvastatin inhibited growing biofilms at concentrations greater than 10xMIC ( )
We evaluated efficacy of the efflux pump inhibitor (EPI) verapamil
In the absence of fungicidal activity, simvastatin’s interruption of a critical step in an essential metabolic pathway, highly conserved from yeast to man, has unexpected
Ting et al
However, severe, multi-resistant fungal infections are increasingly being reported over
Fungal infections are a major contributor to infectious disease-related deaths across the globe
Manogepix is a broad-spectrum antifungal agent that inhibits glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor biosynthesis
The azole resistance of Candida albicans clinical isolates can be caused by several mechanisms
Drug efflux, mediated by plasma membrane transporters, is a major resistance mechanism, and clinically significant resistance in Candida albicans is
The mechanism of resistance in yeasts to antifungal drugs is different depending on the mode of action of the antifungals (Spampinato and Leonardi, 2013)
We describe a method that measures the ability of Candida species to extrude the fluorescent dye Nile red as an
albicans, overexpression of efflux pumps has become a research hotspot for Candida resistance N
An oxindole efflux inhibitor potentiates azoles and impairs virulence in the fungal pathogen Candida auris Azoffluxin also inhibits efflux in highly azole-resistant strains of Candida albicans, another human fungal pathogen, increasing their susceptibility to fluconazole
Louis, MO) was used as an inhibitor of the fungal efflux system and was dissolved in sterile ultra-pure water immediately before using
2016 Nov 21;60 (12):7468 ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / antagonists & inhibitors* Expression levels of efflux pump genes in resistant Candida albicans isolates in presence and absence of tested efflux pump inhibitors (Haloperidol and pantoprazole)
The major transporters involved are Candida drug resistance proteins, namely CaCdr1p and CaCdr2p, from ABC superfamily, along with CaMdr1p belonging to MFS [ 18, 19]
albicans, the microdilution checkerboard method was
Objective: To identify a novel class of inhibitors of fungal transporters involved in drug resistance
antifungal drugs and drug efflux pump inhibitors, 2) antifungal drugs and drug resistant efflux pump
We developed a new fluorescence
Candida albicans and emerging non-albicans Candida (NAC) species such as C